demonstration

DEMONSTRATION STRATEGY

 

What?

• An act of showing something by giving proof or evidence.

• An instance of somebody showing and explaining how something works.

• It’s an outward showing and feelings, a   description and explanation through experiment.

•  It is a teaching method that allows students to see the teacher actively engaged as a learner and a model rather than merely telling them what they need to know.

Role of teacher and student

 

ROLE OF TEACHER

1. Before hand preparation.

2. Giving Instruction in order.

3. Handling equipment with care.

4. Making sure that learners are actively participating.

ROLE OF STUDENT

1. Being  active in class.

2. Asking  question.

3. Doing by seeing.

4. Purpose of Demonstration Strategy

5. To stimulate interest in a particular topic.

6. To illustrate points efficiently.

7. To provide a change of pace.

8. Lack of equipment.

9. Time constraint.

10. Risky experiments.

PRINCIPLES OF DEMONSTRATION STRATEGY.

1. Behaviors being demonstrated must be modeled   accurately.

2.  Learners must be able to clearly perceive what is going on.

3.  Appropriate demonstration, explanations and discussions are the key things that enhance the student’s performance.

    

TYPES OF DEMONSTRATION

*There are three types of demonstration teaching strategy and they are as follow;

1. PURE DEMONSTRATION

This is purely visual method of instruction in which teacher shows students a particular process in operation.

2. DEMONSTRATION WITH  COMMENTARY

It is harmonious combination of visual and verbal modes of Communication.

3. PARTICIPATIVE DEMONSTRATION

Learner and the teacher together perform the demonstration simultaneously.

 

Procedure of Demonstration Strategy is done.

1. Carefully plan the demonstration.

Like all other methods of teaching, the teacher must know exactly what s/he is doing. This is particularly true of the demonstration, where precision and clarity are crucial to the students’ ability to understand what they see.

2. Practice the demonstration.

Once a well thought out plan has been developed, ample time should be set aside to practice the demonstration. It is very risky to give a demonstration without having practiced it beforehand, especially when the procedure or topic is relatively complex or unfamiliar.

3. Develop an outline to guide the demonstration

To ensure that the demonstration goes smoothly it is a good idea to have an outline that lists the steps to follow, the materials to use, the questions to ask and the important points to make. Developing such an outline provides the teacher not only a guide for carrying out the demonstration but also with a well designed framework into which spontaneous ideas can be incorporated as the situation demands.

4. Make sure everyone can see the demonstration.

It seems obvious that the teacher would make sure that all students can see the demonstration. Unfortunately, teachers sometimes fail to do this causing a situation which results in student’s loss of interest and misbehavior.

5. Introduce the demonstration to focus attention

Students are likely to be interested in the demonstration and to understand it if they have at least a general idea of what to look for as it proceeds. A few introductory comments emphasizing the essential features and key terms of the demonstration can serve this purpose as an outline or diagram on the chalkboard.

6. Ask and encourage questioning

Students should be encouraged to ask questions so that their verbal experiences are integrated with their visual ones. Also students should be asked questions at key points as a way of assessing how well they understand the demonstration.

7. Plan a follow up to the demonstration.

A demonstration should be followed by activities that help students interpret and further understand the important points that were presented. Such activities could include a discussion or a writing exercise in which students can describe what they have observed.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DEMONSTRATION STRATEGY

Advantages;

• Seeing before doing

•  Task guidance

•  Economy of supplies

•  Safety

•  Helps people who can learn well by other’s modeling(visual learners)

•  Promotes self-confidence.

• It makes the pupils familiar with the nature and use of apparatus.

•  In this method no time is wasted.

Disadvantage

• May not be appropriate for the different learning style of the students.

• Teachers’ laziness and preparedness

• Not hands-ion

project strategy..

PROJECT STRATEGY.

Founder of Project Strategy.
-has its intellectual origins of  DEWEY'S PHILOSOPHY of education.
-the pioneer of this method:Dr.W.H Kilpatrick.

Concept of Project Work.

* projects are extended pieces of work completed over a period of time.

* project is any activity, individual or group involving the investigation and solution of problems, planned and carried out to conclusion under the guidence of the teacher..

CARACTERISTICS.

• hardwork.
• creative.
• personal.
• adaptable.

Features of project strategy

1. extends beyond classroom teaching. 
2. method is carried out in natural setting or real life situations.   
3. this method involves investigation and solution to practical problems.
4. demands and ensures active participation from the students.  
5. involves effective interaction between the student and the social environment. 
6.   creates an opportunity to acquire or practice social skills. 
7.   enables the students to study functional aspects of the subjects learnt. 
8.  the teacher acts as a facilitator or a guide and thus promotes independent learning

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Principles of Project Strategy:

•       Principle of utility
•       Principle of readiness
•       Principle of Learning by doing
•       Principle of Freedom at Work
•       Principle of Socialization

TYPES OF PROJECT WORK.

•       Produce Type
•       Consumer Type
•       Investigation Type
•       Drill Type

Procedural-steps of Project Strategy.

Stage I: Classroom Planning 

Step 1: Providing a set of tasks/problems for study

Step 2: Selecting a task/problem for study.

Step 3: Formulation of hypothesis (for problems undertaken).

Step4: Planning/designing methods to investigate. 

Stage II: Execution

 

Step 1: Collection of data.

Step 2: Organizing and interpreting data.

Step 3: Review.

Step III: Conclusion

 

Step 1: Reporting and incorporating additions/deletions

Step 2: Evaluation

Role of teacher in Project Strategy.

•       Be a guide, friend and philosopher

•       Teacher should motivate the students in such a manner that there is whole hearted cooperation of students in the process.

•       Teacher helps the students in proper planning of the project and discuss with them all the pros and cons of the project .

•       The teacher supplies clues and also provides information to the students about the sources of materials for the project.

•       He/she also helps the students in evaluating the project and to draw inferences.

 

Advantages of Project Strategy

•     Motivation

–      Personal

–      Learning by doing

–      Sense of Achievement

•       Relevance

–      Integration of language with other skills

–      Real needs for language learners

–      Language and culture

•       Educational values

–      Independent investigation.

–      Cross-curricular studies.

Disadvantages of Project Strategy

•       Noise.

•       Time.

•       Use of mother tongue.

•       Different levels.

Do’s and Don’ts of Project:

1.      DO’s

–      The project work should be written on a fullscape paper in the students’ own handwriting.

–      The project work should be written in students’ own words and not copied directly from the books except for quotes.

–      Necessary illustrations should be drawn or sketched with pencil.

–      The students can use simple colours.

2.       DON’Ts

–      Use of pictures cut from books and magazines available in schools and photocopying should not be allowed.

–      Students should not do unnecessary decorations of their project work using sketch and marker pens.

–      Students should not decorate the cover page using glossy and colour paper.

–      Students should not use folders and folders to enclose the project work.